Aqua Terra Cultural Resource Consultants Project Experience
Aqua Terra Cultural Resource Consulting (ATCRC) has a long history of working with City, County, Native Tribes, State, and Federal entities. We routinely provide terrestrial and underwater archaeological assessments, historic property inventories, Inadvertent Discovery Plans (IDP), and cultural resource monitoring. Our work is done to ensure project compliance with the Washington State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA), Governor’s Executive Order 21-02, Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), Joint Aquatic Resource Permit Applications (JARPA), the Archeological Resources Protection Act of 1979/1988 (ARPA), and Revised Code of Washington (RCW) 27.53 Archaeological Sites and Resources, RCW 27.44 Indian Graves and Records, and RCW 68.50.645 Skeletal Human Remains—Duty to Notify.
Our projects are supported by a team of project archaeologists, a historic preservation specialist, cultural resource specialists and technicians all overseen by Principle Investigator Sarah J. Amell. Below is a representative sample of some of the background and experience our personnel will bring to your project. We can be available on an on-call status to ensure state/federal compliance and below is a representative selection of our past projects.
Our projects are supported by a team of project archaeologists, a historic preservation specialist, cultural resource specialists and technicians all overseen by Principle Investigator Sarah J. Amell. Below is a representative sample of some of the background and experience our personnel will bring to your project. We can be available on an on-call status to ensure state/federal compliance and below is a representative selection of our past projects.
SEPA (Washington State Environmental Policy Act)
SEPA requires that impacts on cultural resources be considered during the public environmental review process. Under SEPA, the Washington State Department of Archeological and Historic Preservation (DAHP) is the sole agency with technical expertise regarding cultural resources. It provides formal opinions to other state agencies and local governments regarding a property's significance and the potential impact of proposed projects upon such properties.
According to DAHP (n.d.), under SEPA, “resources on the subject or adjacent property should be evaluated for their eligibility at the local, state and/or national register level.” DAHP (n.d.) also notes that “DAHP will only review eligibility determination for State and National Register listing” and clarified that “eligibility for local listing is done through a city or county preservation program.”
SEPA does not define “eligibility” or “significance” and, as such, the de facto is to use the National Register Criteria for Evaluation (National Park Service [NPS] 1995). These guidelines state that to be eligible for listing in the National Register, a property must be significant in American history, architecture, archaeology, engineering, or culture and must meet one or more of the four criteria:
A. be associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history; or
B. be associated with the lives of persons significant in our past; or
C. embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction;
D. have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history.
Additionally, to be eligible for the National Register, a resource must retain integrity. According to NPS (1995), integrity is the ability of a historic property to convey its significance. Integrity must be evident through historic qualities, which may include location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association.
Packwood Sunfisher Development Project, Packwood, Lewis County, WA (2023)
A private developer contracted ATCRC to provide a cultural resource assessment background review, field investigation, and production of a report. This project followed the State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA) for developing 36 private residential lots with private and public utilities, an associated roadway, and storm drainage improvements. ATCRC recommends that the project proceed as planned but that the project adopt an Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP) in case any additional cultural resources are identified during ground disturbance.
Manor House Development Project Lacey, Thurston County, WA (2021)
A private developer contracted ATCRC to complete a cultural resource assessment, consisting of a background review, field investigation, and report production in compliance with the State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA). The project was done by a mechanical backhoe to depths between 4 and 7 feet below the surface to assess whether cultural resources were present within the project area. Field investigation included visual reconnaissance of the Area of Potential Effects (APE) in the form of a pedestrian survey of the project area and subsurface testing with a mechanical backhoe. ATCRC recommended that the project adopt an inadvertent discovery plan (IDP) if additional cultural resources arise during construction, especially those associated with the nearby structure and that the project proceeds as planned.
Transportation Co-op Facility, Kittitas County, WA (2019)
The Cle Elum Roslyn school district contacted ATCRC to conduct a cultural resource assessment of constructing two new facilities in a high-risk area. The assessment consisted of a background review, field investigation, and production of a report subject to the State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA). After the cultural resources assessment, ATCRC recommends that the proposed project activities proceed without further archaeological oversight with an Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP).
North Levee Road Development Fife, Pierce County, WA (2017)
A private developer contracted ATCRC to complete a cultural resources assessment that included background research, field investigation, preparation of a final report, and an Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP) in compliance with the State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA). The project area for the construction of single-family and low-density multi-family residences in a 6-acre project area had been designated as “High Risk” by the Department of Archaeology and Historical Preservation (DAHP). Field investigations consisted of pedestrian survey and subsurface testing. ATCRC recommended that an Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP) be adopted prior to further ground-disturbing activities in the event that archaeological resources or human remains are discovered during site development.
Lanphear Development Project SEPA, Mason County, WA (2015)
A private construction company contracted ATCRC for a cultural resource assessment to construct two houses and septic tanks on a 4-acre plot. The assessment was required by the Squaxin Island Tribe and included background research, a field survey, and preparing an official report in compliance with the Washington State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA). No historic properties were identified within the project area of potential impacts and the project should proceed as planned.
Oysterville Water Systems Improvement Project, Pacific County, WA (2013)
ATCRC was contracted for the cultural resource assessment of a private company's proposed water system improvement project. ATCRC’s Section 106 National Historic Preservation Act and State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA) compliant assessment included a visual reconnaissance, pedestrian survey, subsurface inspection, background research, and an assessment report recommending project effects on historic properties. This project required interfacing with the local homeowner’s association, three local tribes, the Washington State Department of Health, and the Department of Archaeology and Historical Preservation (DAHP).
Executive Order 21-02 (Formerly EO 05-05)
EO 21-02 requires that “cultural resources, archaeological sites, historic structures, and tribal sacred places are fully considered in any state-funded project and that impacts to these cultural resources must be considered” (DAHP n.d.). EO 21-02 also requires that “all state agencies consider how future proposed projects may impact significant cultural and historic places” (DAHP n.d.). The process requires consultation with both the DAHP and tribal governments.
EO 21-02 does not define “significant” and, as such, the de facto is to use the National Register Criteria for Evaluation (National Park Service [NPS] 1995). These guidelines state that to be eligible for listing in the NRHP, a property must be significant in American history, architecture, archaeology, engineering, or culture and must meet one or more of the four NRHP criteria:
A. be associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history; or
B. be associated with the lives of persons significant in our past; or
C. embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction;
D. have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history.
Additionally, to be eligible for the NRHP a resource must retain integrity. According to NPS (1995), integrity is the ability of a historic property to convey its significance. Integrity must be evident through historic qualities, which may include location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association.
Sequalitchew Creek Watershed Project, Pierce County, WA (2023)
ATCRC’s cultural resources assessment for a private developer consisted of background review, field investigation, and production of a report in accordance with the Washington State Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation (DAHP), each of the sites were inventoried and, following EO 21-02, each were evaluated for listing on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The projects consisted of reconnecting surface water sources and implementing beaver management projects. Field investigation included pedestrian survey, subsurface testing, and monitoring of geotechnical borings. ATCRC finds that this project will have an adverse effect on cultural resources and recommends archaeological monitoring, the nomination of the historic property, and an intensive survey of previously recorded sites.
Naches Trail School Replacement Project, Pierce County, WA (2022)
ATCRC conducted a cultural resource survey for the Bethel School District’s 80,000-square-foot elementary school project. This included background research for historic properties, registered structures, archaeological sites, or cemeteries within a half mile. The project involves working with Pierce County, the City of Tacoma, the State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA) permit, and Executive Order 21-02 compliance. No historic properties were identified within the project area and ATCRC recommended that the project proceed as planned.
Big Quilcene Moon Vally, Jefferson County, WA (2020)
ATCRC was contracted to conduct a cultural resource assessment on a project funded by a Washington State Recreation and Conservation Office (RCO) for a 21.98-acre parcel for a water system improvement project. This included field investigations including a visual reconnaissance, pedestrian survey, and historic property inventory form preparation for the structures on the parcels. The project was funded by a Washington State Recreation and Conservation Office (RCO) grant and falls under the auspices of the Governor’s Executive Order 05-05. ATCRC also recommended that an Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP) be adopted prior to further ground-disturbing activities on the remainder of the site if archaeological resources or human remains are discovered during further site development.
Port of Allyn Utility Upgrade Project, Mason County, WA (2018)
ATCRC conducted a cultural resource survey by the Port of Allyn to improve park and pier infrastructure in an area of 4.25 acres. ATCRC completed a subsurface survey and a cultural resource assessment report in compliance with the Governor’s Executive Order 05-05 (EO 05-05). ATCRC recommends that an Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP) be adopted prior to any ground disturbance within the project area.
City of Mill Creek Public Works Shop Project Mill Creek, Snohomish County, WA (2016)
ATCRC performed a cultural resources assessment for a private architecture firm for their demolition of a residence, grading, and construction of a new building for the City of Mill Creek on a 5-acre parcel. This project included background research, field investigation, and preparation of an official report in compliance with the Governor’s Executive Order 05-05. No historic properties were identified within the project area and ATCRC recommended that an Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP) be adopted prior to further ground-disturbing activities.
Pacific Shellfish Co. Aquaculture Facility Upgrade, Mason County, WA (2013)
ATCRC provided an expedited cultural resource assessment for constructing a private company's new aquaculture facilities. ATCRC completed a background investigation and conducted a pedestrian and shovel-probe survey in the Area of Potential Effects (APE). This followed the Governor’s Executive Order 05-05, requiring tribal consultation with two local tribes.
Section 106 of the National Preservation Act (NHPA)
Section 106 of the NHPA, as amended, and its implementing regulations described in 36 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 800. Section 106 requires that federal agencies account for the effects of their undertakings on historic properties. A historic property is typically aged 50 years or older and is defined in 36 CFR Part 800.16(l)(1) as follows:
… any prehistoric or historic district, site, building, structure, or object included in, or eligible for inclusion in, the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) maintained by the Secretary of the Interior. This term includes artifacts, records, and remains that are related to and located within such properties. The term includes properties of traditional religious and cultural importance to an Indian tribe or Native Hawaiian organization and that meet [… NRHP] criteria.
The procedures under Section 106 require that the federal lead agency involved in the undertaking must identify the Area of Potential Effects (APE), conduct an inventory of historic properties that may be located within the APE, and determine whether any of the historic properties identified are eligible for listing in the NRHP. An APE is defined in 36 CFR 800.16(d) as follows:
… the geographic area or areas within which an undertaking may directly or indirectly cause alterations in the character or use of historic properties, if any such properties exist. The APE is influenced by the scale and nature of an undertaking and may be different for different kinds of effects caused by the undertaking.
PTOI Kenmore SeaPlane Terminal, Pierce County, WA (2023)
The Puyallup Tribe contracted ATCRC to provide a cultural resource assessment for constructing a SeaPlane terminal adjacent to a floating dock. ATCRC cultural resources assessment consisted of background review, field investigation, and production of an official report in compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) as it is funded by the Pullayup Tribe of Indians (PTOI) and requires a United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Clean Water Act 404 permit. The field investigation included drilling sonicore bores in strategic locations across the project area. No cultural resources were identified. As such, ATCRC recommends the project continue as planned.
Redondo Fishing Pier Rehabilitation Project, King County, WA (2021)
ATCRC performed a cultural resource survey for a private consulting company to prepare to replace the fishing pier, wooden bulkhead, and public restrooms. Field investigations included a pedestrian survey and subsurface testing of the intertidal zone and the sub-tidal impact area per Tribal request. The project required permits and approvals from multiple regulatory agencies including the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Washington Department of Natural Resources (WDFW), Washington State Department of Ecology, and the City of Des Moines Planning Department. As such the project was conducted in compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). ATCRC advised the adoption of an Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP) in the case of future ground-disturbing activities.
Tacoma Harbor Deepening Study, Pierce County, WA (2019)
ATCRC performed a cultural resources review for an environmental science consulting firm for monitoring in-water sampling of the waterway subject to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) and the implementing regulations in 36 CFR Part 800. ATCRC’s background review consisted of researching available historical documents, maps, and accounts, as well as cultural resources studies and sites previously recorded in and in the vicinity of the Area of Potential Effects (APE). No evidence of cultural materials and/or deposits was encountered during monitoring.
Titlow Beach Restoration Project, Pierce County, WA (2018)
ATCRC provided archaeological monitoring for a demolition project of two structures, concrete seawall, and rock bulkhead, and removed fill material from the shoreline. This is federally funded by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ATCRC cultural resource assessment consisted of background research, monitoring, a survey, and a cultural resource assessment report in compliance with Section 106 of cultural resources assessment and the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). No pre-historic period or historic period archaeological sites or objects were observed within the native sediments excavated geotechnical core drilling.
Nisqually Indian Tribe Community Garden, Pierce County, WA (2016)
The Nisqually Indian Tribe regulated the project and was subject to the Nisqually Indian Tribe Cultural Resource Department review process requirements. For the construction of a new garden, ATCRC's assessment consisted of a background review, field investigation, and production of a report in compliance with Section 106 of the Cultural Resources Assessment and the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). ATCRC recommended no further work on this site.
Sammamish Cottages, King County, WA (2015)
ATCRC was contracted to conduct assessment background research for a private developer. This included ATCRC conducting a field survey, and preparation of a report for a complex of 10 cottage dwelling units and a parking lot on a 1.47-acre site in compliance with Section 106 cultural resources assessment and the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). ATCRC found no historic properties were affected and recommends that the project proceed as planned.
Historic Property Inventory Surveys
The Washington State Department of Archeological and Historic Preservation (DAHP) is mandated by federal and state statutes to house and maintain a record of structures older than 50 years or for the form to be updated if it has been more than 10 years. These properties must be recorded on the Archaeology Site Inventory Form, Traditional Cultural Property Inventory Template, Cemetery Inventory Form, Submerged Historic Archaeological Resource Registration Form, and Historic Property Inventory Form along with the associated survey report.
Historic Property Inventory Forms (HPI) are used to record resources and their National Register eligibility and can only be used for the evaluation of an individual structure. Professional consultants involved in historic building surveys should be able to provide sufficient information to make defensible decisions regarding a structure eligibility and effects so that an informed and legally defensible decision can be made by DAHP.
Evaluation criteria for NRHP listing was based on the National Register Criteria for Evaluation as summarized in 36 CFR 60.4: The quality of significance in American history, architecture, archaeology, engineering and culture is present in districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects that possess integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association; and:
A. are associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history; or
B. are associated with the lives of persons significant in our past; or
C. embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction; D. have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history.
To be considered eligible for listing the guidelines set forth in National Register Bulletin (NRB) #15: How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation were referenced for proper evaluation of each of the historic-aged resources identified in the APE. The recommended sequence for evaluation of a property, as recommended in Section III How to Use This Bulletin to Evaluate a Property included:
1. Categorizing the property as a district, site, building, structure, or object for inclusion in the National Register;
2. Determining which prehistoric or historic context(s) the property represents (i.e. American history, architecture, archaeology, engineering, or culture);
3. Determining whether the property is significant under the National Register Criteria;
4. Determining if the property represents a type usually excluded from the National Register; and,
5. Determining wither the property retains integrity of location, design, setting, workmanship, materials, feeling, and association.
Apple Capital Loop, Douglas County, WA (2023)
The City of Wenatchee contracted ATCRC for a Cultural Resources Assessment for the construction of the bike/pedestrian access bridge project that is located in a very high-risk area for the presence of cultural resources. The project is partially funded with federal funds from the Infrastructure for Rebuilding America (INFRA) Grant and permitted through WSDOT; therefore, it is subject to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). ATCRC’s cultural resources assessment for this project consisted of a background review, field investigation, and production of a report. ATCRC’s field investigation included a pedestrian survey and monitoring of geotechnical bores and test pits. ATCRC recommends that the bridge is eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Properties (NRHP), that the project be monitored by an archaeologist, and that an Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP) be implemented during project construction.
South Prairie Creek Restoration Project, Pierce County, WA (2022-2023)
The Pierce Conservation District (PCD), South Puget Sound Salmon Enhancement Group (SPSSEG), the Puyallup Tribe of Indians (PTOI), Pierce County, the Washington State Recreation and Conservation Office (RCO), and the Washington State Department of Ecology (ECY) joint 95-acre restoration project contracted ATCRC for Cultural Resources Assessment. ATCRC’s cultural resources assessment for this project consisted of field investigation and production of a report. This project was conducted, in part, to satisfy the regulatory requirements of EO 21-02. The process requires consultation with both the Department of Archeology and Historic Preservation (DAHP) and tribal governments. ATCRC’s field investigation inventoried several buildings and locations eligible for Historic Property Inventory with the DAHP and recommended the project avoid those areas and project be monitored by an archaeologist, and that an Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP) be implemented during project construction.
Palouse to Cascades Trail Beverly Bridge Rehabilitation Project, Kittias/Grant Counties, WA (2020)
Washington State Parks contracted ATCRC for a cultural resources survey for a new trail and non-motorized river crossing. ATCRC conducted background research, field investigation, and report preparation in compliance with the Washington State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA). ATCRC identified a possible historic bridge and performed a Historic Property Inventory survey. The bridge was restored, and this project won the Outstanding Rehabilitation- Valerie Sivinski Award for the cost-effective Rehabilitation plan, preserving the grand appearance of the historic structure with minimal site disturbance.
Family Support Center of South Sound Affordable Housing Project, Thurston County, (2021)
A cultural resource assessment was requested by the City of Olympia and the Nisqually Indian Cultural Resource Department for the construction of a 62-unit affordable apartment housing complex on undeveloped land. Prior to the ground-disturbing activity, ATCRC was contracted to conduct the assessment, which included a background review, field investigation, and report preparation. ATCRC identified no significant cultural resources during the survey, and ATCRC recommends that the project proceed as planned. In addition, ATCRC recommends that the City adopt an Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP) in the case cultural resources are encountered during ground-disturbing activities.
Port Townsend Paper Company’s Sawmill Demolition Project, Jefferson County (2020)
ATCRC was contracted to conduct a cultural resources survey of the demolition of the old Port Townsend Papermill building. The proposed demolition will occur on a wood-constructed platform supported by pilings and on a cut-and-fill area adjacent to the wood platform. ATCRC’s cultural resources assessment included background research, field investigation, and preparation of an official report. Field investigations consisted of a reconnaissance-level historic property survey. ATCRC determined it is unlikely that any cultural materials or features will be impacted during project construction other than the sawmill remains and recommended that an Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP) be adopted prior to any further ground-disturbing activities in the event that archaeological resources or human remains are discovered during site development.
NE 70th St Historic Property Inventory, King County, WA (2016)
ATCRC was contracted by the owner to complete a historic property inventory of a single-family residence. The property owner is planning to subdivide the property, which requires the demolition of a historic-age single-family dwelling. King County requested the completion of a Historic Property Inventory (HPI). ATCRC assisted the client by completing a historic property survey and a historic property inventory form.
Raft Island Historic Bridge Inventory, Pierce County, WA (2012)
ATCRC was contracted by a private company to provide a historic bridge evaluation for a bridge repair project. Background research and a historic property inventory form was provided for the bridge in accordance with requests from the Department of Archeology and Historic Preservation (DAHP)
ARPA (Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979/1988)
The Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979, amended in 1988, is a federal law governing the excavation of archaeological sites and the removal and disposition of artifacts on Federal and Indian lands inside the United States. Congress has ruled that archaeological resources on public and Indian lands are an accessible and irreplaceable part of the Nation’s Heritage and should be protected. This law requires a permit from Federal land managers any for archeological investigations, such as excavation or removal or archeological resources on Federal, Public, or Indian Lands.
A permit may be issued pursuant to an application under subsection (a) if the Federal land manager determines, pursuant to uniform regulations under this Act, that--
1. the applicant is qualified, to carry out the permitted activity,
2. the activity is undertaken for the purpose of furthering archaeological knowledge in the public interest,
3. the archaeological resources which are excavated or removed from public lands will remain the property of the United States, and such resources and copies of associated archaeological records and data will be preserved by a suitable university, museum, or other scientific or educational institution, and
4. the activity pursuant to such permit is not inconsistent with any management plan applicable to the public lands concerned.
Archeological resources are defined as, but not limited to pottery, basketry, bottles, weapons, weapon projectiles, tools, structures or portions of structures, pit houses, rock paintings, rock carvings, intaglios, graves, human skeletal materials, or any portion or piece of any of the foregoing items. This law also prohibits activities and criminal penalties for unpermitted activities, such as selling, purchasing, exchanging, transporting, of archaeological resources and is punishable up towards a 100,000-dollar fine and five years in jail.
Icicle Creek AWS Project, Chelan County, WA (2023)
ATCRC was contracted by the Chelan County Natural Resource Department (CCNRD) to conduct a cultural resource assessment consisting of a background review, field investigation, and report production. The project completed 32 shovel probes with 20-meter interval transects within the Area of Potential Effects (APE). This project required an Archaeological Resources Protection Act (ARPA) permit and to be in compliance with the Washington State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA) and Governor's Executive Order 21-02 (E0 21-02). ATCRC recommends that the project proceed as planned and an Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP) be adopted prior to further ground-disturbing activities on the remainder of the site in the event that archaeological resources or human remains are discovered during further site development.
Phase 4, WSDOT I-5 JBLM Vicinity Improvement Project, Pierce County, WA (2014-2017)
ATCRC was contracted to conduct archaeological and historic property surveys and assessments for the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) Interstate 5 (I-5) project in Pierce County. ATCRC’s team completed an archaeological and architectural history survey of the 1000-acre project area. The assessment complied with Section 106 of the National Environmental Protection Act (NEPA), Environmental Assessment (EA), and Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979/1988 (ARPA). ATCRC staff worked with the WSDOT team to provide archaeological monitoring for geotechnical testing and responded to an inadvertent discovery during testing. The project required communication with JBLM cultural resources staff, multiple tribes, the Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979/1988 (ARPA) permitting, and Joint-Base Lewis-McChord (JBLM) coordination and permitting. ATCRC found multiple historic properties and sites and multiple written reports and recommendations.
JARPA (Joint Aquatic Resource Permit Application)
The Joint Aquatic Resource Permit Application (JARPA) is a streamlined permit application for Federal, State, and Local Permits such as Section 10 and 404 of the USACE, U.S Coast Guard PATON, Washington State 401 Water Quality, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife: Hydraulic Project Approval, Washington Department of Natural Resources: Aquatic Use Authorization, Shoreline Conditional Use Permit, Shoreline Variance, Shoreline Exemption.
Donley PRF Instillation Project, Pierce County, WA (2023)
Aqua Terra Cultural Resource Consultants (ATCRC) was contracted by a private landowner for the installation of a Pier/Ram/Float. The project requires permitting through the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) as part of the Joint Aquatic Resources Permit Application (JARPA) process and, as such, must be conducted in compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), as amended. ATCRC’s cultural resources assessment consisted of a background review, field investigation, and production of an official report. ATCRC recommends that the project proceed as planned. If the project design changes or additional ground-disturbing work is required, consultation should be re-initiated to determine if additional study is warranted.
Nearshore Restoration Project, Pierce County, WA (2020)
The Pierce County Conservation District contracted ATCRC to perform a background review of the study area, including a summary of results of archaeological sites, historic structures, or other cultural resource surveys within one mile of the project area. The Pierce Conservation District project's proposed direct impacts include removing stretches of failed and failing beach bulkheads and planting. ATCRC recommended an archaeological pedestrian survey of the entire Area of Potential Effects (APE) and a subsurface survey of all proposed direct impact areas before ground disturbance. The project complied with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). ATCRC also recommends that the project proceed as planned with the archaeological monitoring and Inadvertent Discovery Plan.
Rose Bulkhead Removal, Pierce County, WA (2019)
ATCRC completed a cultural resource survey by a private contracting company in their project that involves the removal of an existing failing wood pile bulkhead and the construction of a new large angular rock bulkhead. ATCRC’s work included background research, field investigation, a technical memorandum, and a summary of findings for a project. This project complied with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) and Joint Aquatic Resources Permit Application (JARPA). ATCRC found no cultural resources within the project area and recommends the project proceed as planned.
Spillway Replacement and Bank Protection Project, Pierce County, WA (2016)
ATCRC was contracted by a private LLC to complete Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act for the cultural resource assessment at the diversion headwaters of the 112-year-old Electron Hydropower Project. Due to the planned alteration of the historic wooden diversion structure and construction of the spillway replacement facilities and outfalls to the Puyallup River, the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) permitted the project. ATRC prepared a Historic Property Inventory Form and created the Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP). ATCRC initiated technical consultation with the Puyallup Tribe of Indians Natural and Cultural Resource Departments prior to project survey efforts, and representatives of the PTOI were involved in fieldwork and extensive early consultation regarding the proposed undertaking. ATCRC provided the client with the recommendation for Adverse Effect effects on the eligible structure and assessed the historical context of the surrounding Hydropower plant, flume, and other associated structures.
28 Mile Creek Steelhead Acclimation Pond Project, Pierce County, WA (2014)
ATCRC provided a cultural resource assessment for a construction project for a seasonal acclimation pond to promote the Steelhead population. The project is subject to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) due to its location on federal lands and the requirement of a Joint Aquatic Resources Permit Application (JARPA) permit to work within waters managed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). ATCRC’s cultural resources assessment included background investigation, fieldwork that consisted of a pedestrian survey, subsurface investigation, and preparation of an official report. ATCRC recommends preparation and compliance with an Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP) during project construction to ensure buried historic properties are identified and managed if encountered.
Ceres Hill Road Band Protection Project, Lewis County, WA (2013)
The Lewis County Public Works Department contracted ATCRC to complete the archaeological/historic resource survey on an expedited schedule for the 4-acre bank protection project. ATCRC ensured the project met the requirements of the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) Highways and Local Programs Division by the project by completing a cultural resource background investigation, initiation of tribal consultation, a pedestrian survey, a subsurface survey using shovel and auger probes, archaeological survey/historic property inventory, documentation of a National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) eligible structure, and a technical report cultural resource assessment for submission to USACE and DAHP. This project required interfacing with the county and three local tribes. ATCRC assessed that the project is not likely to have any adverse effect on the structure that is eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), and the project should proceed as planned.
Cultural Resource Monitoring Projects
ATCRC provides a Cultural Resource Monitoring service for projects that involve digging into High-Risk or Very High-Risk areas as dictated by the Department of Archaeological and Historic Preservation (DAHP). We can provide background research on the site, create a specialized Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP), and educate the plan to the crew. The archeologist will be a physical presence at the site to monitor in case of a discovery.
Lower Dungeness River Floodplain Restoration and Levee Setback, Clallam County, WA (2022)
Clallam County contracted ATCRC to provide cultural resource monitoring for the construction of a new roadway along a levee, reconnect historical side channels, restore connected floodplain habitats, replant native plants, construct new culverts and bridges, and remove the existing levee. The total project area encompasses approximately 144.7 acres, within which the County is proposing to complete the project required permits and approval from multiple regulatory agencies including the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, the Washington Department of Natural Resources, and the Washington State Department of Ecology. The project must be conducted in compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). Section 106 requires federal agencies to consider the effect of undertakings on historic properties that are or may be eligible for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). ATCRC recommends a project determination of no adverse effect to historic properties, and the undertaking should proceed as planned.
City of Olympia-Franklin Way Improvements Project, Thurston County, WA (2022)
ATCRC was contracted by the City of Olympia for a Cultural Resources Assessment for a roadway improvement project in a very high probability area. The assessment consisted of a pedestrian survey, background research, and the production of a report. ATCRC Identified 2 historic sites and recommended the city coordinate to mitigate impacts, such as avoiding one, and recommend an intensive level survey prior to the removal of the other historic feature.
Lake to Sound Trail, King County, WA (2015, 2016, 2019)
The Lake to Sound Trail is a joint venture between the cities of Renton, Tukwila, SeaTac, Burien, and Des Moines, Washington. ATCRC has assisted the Consulting company with the preparation of a monitoring plan and archaeological Excavation Permit and is providing ongoing monitoring services during construction of the 16-mile, non-motorized, multi-use recreational trail. The project is funded by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). The Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) Highways and Local Programs is assisting King County with FHWA funding and is acting on behalf of FHWA as the lead federal agency. Regulatory compliance for the project is managed by the King County Roads Services Division (KCRSD). Federal funding requires that the project be conducted in compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA).
Views on 5th Development Project, Thurston County, WA (2017)
A private developer proposed a project that would redevelop the project area with a mixed-use, multi-family residential and commercial complex. ATCRC prepared a Historic Property Inventory (HPI) form and submitted it to the Department of Archeology and Historic Preservation (DAHP). Field investigations consisted of pedestrian surveys and archaeological screening of geotechnical bores; no cultural resources were encountered. The project is permitted by the City of Olympia and, as such, is subject to the State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA). During the review process, the Washington State Department of Historic Preservation (DAHP) expressed concerns and then requested completion of the following cultural resource review activities: a study of the impacts to the historic viewshed, a socioeconomic assessment of the proposal’s effects on the National Register-listed Downtown Olympia Historic District, preparation of an overview for the project area that utilizes archival resources including historical maps, and cultural resource monitoring of geotechnical borings and boring substrate analysis by a Professional Archaeologist.
Dutton Bulkhead Repair Thurston County, WA (2015)
ATCRC was contracted by the property owners for the installation of a 30ft bulkhead seaward using a soldier piling wall design with pilings with a 23 ft depth as well as a new retaining wall. The Nisqually Indian Tribe requested a cultural resource assessment and preparation of an Inadvertent Discovery Plan for the project. ATCRC assisted the property owner with complying with these various state and federal legal requirements by identifying the presence of historic resources within the Area of Potential Effect (APE) through the completion of background research, tribal coordination, archaeological monitoring, and writing a monitoring report.
City of Lakewood Housing Development Project, Pierce County, WA (2012)
ATCRC was contracted by the City of Lakewood for Cultural resource monitoring services for excavations to install utilities in five newly constructed low-income single-family homes. This project requires interfacing with and participation from the Puyallup Tribe of Indians Historic Preservation Department. ATCRC created an Inadvertent Discovery Plan, conducting monitoring, and a monitoring report.
Geotechnical Monitoring Projects
ATCRC provides a Geotechnical Monitoring service for projects that perform drilling into High-Risk areas as dictated by the Department of Archaeological and Historic Preservation (DAHP). We can provide background research on the site, create a specialized Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP), and educate the plan to the crew. The archeologist will be a physical presence at the site to monitor in case of a discovery.
Canyon Road Northerly Extension Project, Pierce County, WA (2020-present)
Pierce County contracted Aqua Terra Cultural Resources to assist in fulfilling cultural resource management requirements for the development project to expand Canyon Road East to provide a direct link, T2 truck freight route. ATCRC’s cultural resources assessment consisted of a background review, the production of a monitoring plan in preparation for pedestrian and subsurface surveys, and the production of a report. Cultural resource technicians monitored geotechnical bores with a total of 23 drilling locations in daytime and nighttime conditions across the APE along with 10 backhoe test pit excavations. The project was partially funded by the Federal Highways Administration (FHWA) and, as such, is subject to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). Section 106 requires that federal agencies having direct or indirect jurisdiction over a proposed project that has been defined as an undertaking per the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and its implementing regulations must consider the effects of that undertaking on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) eligible historic properties. ATCRC recommended cultural resource monitoring of the ground disturbance along the access road.
Sediment Sampling in Chambers Creek, Pierce County, WA (2019)
ATCRC was contracted to provide cultural resource monitoring services and sediment analysis for the in-water vibracore drilling for in-water sampling activities in Chambers Creek, in support of a feasibility study and alternatives analysis to support the future restoration of Chambers Bay. The restoration project will likely require permitting from the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and is, therefore, expected to be subject to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), as amended. ATCRC’s background review consisted of researching available historical documents, maps, and accounts; and cultural resources studies and sites previously recorded in, and in the vicinity of, the Area of Potential Effects (APE).
Seattle Public Utilities CSO BFO Reduction Project, King County, WA (2014)
ATCRC was contracted by an engineering company to conduct a cultural resource assessment and project monitoring within the Area of Potential Effects (APE). This assessment included a background investigation, a review of the project scope, sonicore screening of select sediments in sonic core drilled geotechnical test units, and preparation of a report. The information contained within our report is intended to inform the selection of geotechnical drilling locations. The project was part of a joint effort by the City of Seattle, King County, the Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology), and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Background research indicated that the project was unlikely to cause adverse effects on historic properties (defined as intact, eligible cultural resources) and moderately likely to affect buried archaeological deposits (defined as materials that are archaeological in nature but lack integrity).
Federal Transit Authority (FTA)
The Federal Transit Authority (FTA) is a federal entity that provides financial and technical assistance to local public transit systems, including buses, subways, light rails, commuter rails, trolleys, and ferries.
East Fork Lewis River Bridge Projects, Clark County, WA (2021)
Clark County contracted ATCRC for a complete cultural resource assessment for six project areas with an anticipated ground impact on the fiberglass reinforcement for bridges. This project is federally funded and subject to compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Protection Act (NHPA), as amended, and its implementing regulations described in 36 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 800. The cultural survey conducted by ATCRC included pedestrian and historic structure surveys that found no historic properties were affected and the project should continue as planned. Consultation should be re-initiated if any additional ground-disturbing work is required.
Monroe Main Street Gateway, Snohomish County, WA (2015)
ATCRC performed a cultural resources assessment for a 1.3-acre roadway project plans included landscaping, signage, and pocket parks for the City of Monroe. The project was anticipated to receive funding from the Federal Transit Administration (FTA), which needed to comply with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). The Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) managed regulatory compliance for the project. ATCRC completed an architectural survey and updated 8 historic property inventory forms with the Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation. Field investigation also included subsurface shovel probe survey for archaeological resources.
Sound Transit Sounder Yard Station, King County, WA (2013-14)
ATCRC assisted Sound Transit over a one-year duration by providing construction contractor cultural resources training, preparation of an Inadvertent Discovery Plan IIDP), and preparation of a cultural resource monitoring report for the project as well as on-call response to inadvertent discoveries.
Sound Transit Authority Tukwila, King County, WA (2013)
ATCRC provided construction contractor training on inadvertent discoveries, cultural resource monitoring services, and cultural resource assessment to assist with compliance with a Federal Transit Authority Programmatic Agreement during construction of the Tukwila Sounder Station in Tukwila, Washington. An inadvertent discovery plan was prepared for the project, and ATCRC was contracted to provide construction contractor training on inadvertent discoveries, cultural resource monitoring services, and cultural resource assessment. Services were provided over a one-year duration.
Fir Lane, Pierce County, WA (2013)
ATCRC performed a literature review and field inspection and based on the results of the literature review and field reconnaissance, completed cultural resource monitoring is recommended. Archaeological monitoring sub-consultant services were provided for a Pierce County Public Works and Utilities/WSDOT Highways and Local Programs (H&LP) roadway improvement project.
Olympia Center Expansion Project, Thurston County, WA (2013)
On behalf of the Federal Transit Authority (FTA), Aqua Terra Cultural Resource Consultants contracted with Intercity Transit to conduct a cultural resource assessment for constructing a new building and installing a generator and waste management facilities. The project required a cultural resource survey and evaluation in compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA).
Spokane Transit Authority West Plains, Spokane, WA (2014-2015)
ATCRC was contracted to provide Section 106 of the NHPA cultural resource assessment and monitoring services for the 30-acre Spokane Transit Authority transit center project development. This project required consultation with multiple federal, state, local, and tribal agency organizations.
Underwater Archeology
The Pacific Northwest has a long history of maritime activity with possible habitation dating back to the recessions of the glaciers during the Ice Age over 17,000 years ago when the coastline was 100 m below where it is now. Even though this region has gone through many changes it has always been an area that has always been rich in maritime history.
Underwater and Vibracore Reconnaissance of the Columbia Improvement District Witner Pump Station Project, Marrow County, OR (2020)
ATCRC was contracted by a private company to perform an underwater cultural resources reconnaissance and vibracore survey. Under contract with the Columbia Improvement District (CID), they proposed installing two 36-inch diameter high-density polyethylene intake pipes, a new pump station, and a 30-inch ductile iron pipe tying into the existing irrigation pipeline. his project required construction in Section 404 Waters of the State, necessitating a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) 404 (Removal-Fill) Permit. As such, the project was subject to review under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, and its implementing regulation, 36 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 800. No cultural resources were identified due to this survey, and no further work is recommended within the in-water portions of the site.
Amstad Farms Columbia River Intake Modification, Marrow County, OR (2015)
ATCRC was contracted to complete an underwater reconnaissance with a principal investigator, geoarchaeologist, project archaeologist, and subcontractor who provided sub-bottom profiling and vibracore drilling services from a shallow water operation research boat. Prior to vibracore testing, the team analyzed the sub-bottom record to interpret anomalies along the proposed pipeline corridor that would have the potential to affect the vibracore drill's ability to penetrate sediments or could be intact historic resources. The project required a United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) permit to install an irrigation intake pipe in the Columbia River, and as such needed to comply with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). A survey had previously been completed for the terrestrial portion of the project, but the Oregon State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) requested a survey of the underwater portion of the project Area of Potential Effects (APE). ATCRC identified areas to avoid and recommended the client to redesign plans.
Stahl H.B Farms Irrigation Intake Modification Project, Marrow County, OR (2015)
ATCRC was contracted for an underwater reconnaissance by a private company. ATCRC’s project team included a principal investigator, geoarchaeologist, and project archaeologist, as well as a subcontractor who provided sub-bottom profiling and vibracore drilling services from a shallow water operation research boat. Prior to vibracore testing, the team analyzed the sub-bottom record and interpreted anomalies along the proposed pipeline corridor that would have the potential to affect the vibracore drill's ability to penetrate sediments. The team completed 10 vibracores, and water-screened the recovered bore sediments. The project required a United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) permit for the installation of an irrigation intake pipe in the Columbia River and, as such, needed to comply with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. A survey had previously been completed for the terrestrial portion of the project, but the Oregon State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) requested a survey of the underwater portion of the project area of potential effects. ATCRC was able to recommend a determination of No Historic Properties Affected by the project.
Historic Maritime Resource Survey, Mason County, WA (2013)
Provided archaeological and historic maritime transportation resource survey, boat survey, and cultural resource assessment services for fourteen miles of shoreline throughout north Case Inlet, Washington to the Mason County Historic Preservation Commission. The project included public outreach and a conference with the Squaxin Island Tribe and Skokomish Tribal Nation for historic property inventory.
Twinberry Beach Subdivision, Pacific County, WA (2011)
ATCRC was contracted by a landowner to complete an expedited cultural resource assessment of 5.6 acres bordering the Pacific Ocean in Westport, Washington. This project required interfacing with the Department of Archaeological and Historic Preservation (DAHP), the United States Army Corp of Engineers (USACE), and three local tribes.
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)
This provides us with the ability to survey the soil without digging. We have a dual-frequency radar antennae that can penetrate down to a max of twenty-one feet below the surface, which can be set up in a cart for terrestrial survey or within a kayak for freshwater environments to observe the underwater subsurface. We have both 2D and 3D programming which we can process results in the office or the field on location. We specialize in identifying sediments, buried materials, utilities, geologic or archaeological features.
Luther Burbank Underwater Site Survey, Mercer Island, WA (2024)
ATCRC was contracted by the property owner to perform a cultural resource assessment for the installation of a new dock. The project used private funds with permitting from Pierce County and is subject to the State Environmental Protection Act (SEPA). Pierce County Planning and Building Division informed the property owner that during the SEPA permitting process the Puyallup Tribe of Indians (PTOI) Historic Preservation Office requested an in-water cultural resource survey before permitting due to very high probability for precontact cultural resources to be present on the property. ATCRC performed a Field investigation included pedestrian survey, ground penetrating radar (GPR) and, following the request of the PTOI, underwater survey. No cultural resources were identified as a result of our assessment. ATCRC recommends that the project proceed as planned. If the restoration design changes or additional ground-disturbing work is required for the project, consultation should be re-initiated to determine if additional study is warranted. ATCRC also recommends that an Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP) be adopted in the event that cultural resources are inadvertently discovered during site development.
Brinkhause Dock Project, Pierce County, WA (2023)
Aqua Terra Cultural Resource Consultants (ATCRC) contracted with the property owner to provide a cultural resource assessment, which consisted of a background review, pedestrian survey, ground penetrating radar (GPR), and production of a report. The project intends to install a new dock on the property. The project used private funds with permitting from Pierce County and is subject to the State Environmental Protection Act (SEPA). Pierce County Planning and Building Division informed the property owner that during the SEPA permitting process, the Puyallup Tribe of Indians (PTOI) Historic Preservation Office requested an in-water cultural resource survey before permitting due to a very high probability for precontact cultural resources to be present on the property. No cultural resources were identified as a result of our assessment. ATCRC recommends that the project proceed as planned.
Littlerock Road Development Project, Thurston County, WA (2022)
The project intends to construct three retail/commercial structures with associated parking and utility infrastructure and an apartment complex. The site was within a high-probability area for cultural resources and the possibility for unmarked burials outside a nearby cemetery the Washington State Department of Archelogy and Historic Preservation (DAHP) requested the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). ATCRC performed a cultural resources assessment with Ground Penetrating Radar, background review, field investigations, and preparation of a report. In accordance with the State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA). ATCRC prepared a Historic Property Inventory (HPI) form for the historic age structures and updated the existing archaeological site inventory form for the nearby cemetery.
Union Pioneer Calvary Cemetery Project, Tumwater, Thurston County, WA (2021-2023)
ATCRC was contracted by the city of Tumwater to perform a cultural resource assessment in a very high-probability area for a project to install a new perimeter fence, improve frontage landscape, and relocation interpretive sign in the Union-Calvary Pioneer Cemetery. The project will be completed using funds from a Grant from the Washington State Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation. Therefore, the grants are drawn from state capital improvement funds, the Project must comply with Governor’s Executive Order 21-02 (EO 21-02). Compliance with the Revised Code of Washington (RCW) 27.44 (Indian Graves and Records) and RCW 27.53 (Archaeological Site and Resources) is also required. ATCRC conducted a background review, field investigation with Ground Penetrating Radar Survey, and preparation of a report. ATCRC recommends that the project has an archaeological monitor during ground disturbing activities adopt an inadvertent discovery plan (IDP) as part of the construction plan documents in case cultural resources are identified during ground-disturbing activities.
Cultural Resource Assessments Outside of Washington
Hood River-White Salmon Bridge Replacement Project, Hood River County, OR (2023)
ATCRC has contracted with the Port of Hood River to conduct a background review, cultural resources assessment, and discipline-specific report in support of the Hood River. This undertaking is subject to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) of 1966, as amended, and the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) is the delegated lead authority for Section 106 compliance. ATCRC is assisting the client with compliance with cultural resource requirements for both the Washington and Oregon State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) offices, the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT), and ODOT cultural resource review and compliance guidelines, as well as assisting with the technical cultural resource consultation with nine affiliated tribes. ATCRC created a monitoring plan and monitored the relevant ground disturbance for the duration of the project.
Ocean Gold Seafood Dock Reconstruction and Removal Project Coos County, OR (2020)
ATCRC assisted Ocean Gold with compliance with these various state and federal legal requirements by identifying the presence of cultural resources above and below the high-water mark within the Area of Potential Effect (APE). ATCRC’s background review consisted of researching available historical documents, maps, and ethnographic information as well as cultural resources studies and sites previously recorded within and near the APE. The field investigation included visual reconnaissance, pedestrian survey, as well as description, archaeological analysis, and wet screening of vibracore and sonicore samples. ATCRC recommended a finding of no adverse effect on historic properties, and no further work is recommended and provided an Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP) in case of archaeological resources or human remains that may be discovered during site development.
PDX4-S Option 2 Environmental Due Diligence Project, Marrow County, OR (2013)
ATCRC provided archaeological assessment services for the 30-acre development project for a private company and performed a background investigation, conducted a pedestrian survey, and shovel test probes throughout the project APE. The cultural resource assessment for this project was completed in compliance with Section 106 (Code of Federal Regulations [C.F.R.] Title 36 Part 800) of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), as amended, although no federal funds or permits are applicable to the proposed project. No further work is recommended for the project.
Mitigation Projects
Mitigation is required when it is not possible to avoid or minimize adverse effects, and all documentation products will be provided and retained by The Washington State Department of Archeology and Historic Preservation (DAHP). The mitigation must be executed before work/demolition of the resources begins. The mitigation agreement between DAHP, lead agency, tribes, and all consulting or concurring parties should come to an agreement on the type of mitigation that will be outlined within the Memorandum of Agreement (MOA). Every mitigation measure can differ widely depending on the parameters of the specific project, such as the value, cost, scale, and cultural resource survey findings.
Cramer Rd Bridge Replacement Project, Pierce County, WA (2020-Current)
Aqua Terra Cultural Resource Consultants has been contracted by the Pierce County Planning and Public Works to provide a cultural resources assessment for a project that proposes to replace the existing 60-foot-long, concrete bridge built in 1954 at Cramer Road NW in unincorporated Pierce County. The project is supported, in part, by federal monies and, as such, is subject to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) of 1966, as amended. Section 106 requires that federal agencies having direct or indirect jurisdiction over a proposed project must consider the effect of that undertaking on National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) eligible historic properties. ATCRC performed a cultural resource survey prior to construction activities within the APE. ATCRC’s cultural resource assessment consisted of a background review, pedestrian and subsurface survey, documentation of one Historic Property Inventory (HPI), and production of a report. ATCRC recommends Cultural Resource Monitoring and an Adverse Effect determination for the project and that the consulting parties proceed with the preparation of a Memorandum of Agreement or Programmatic Agreement to resolve or mitigate the adverse effect. A memorandum of Agreement was made with the Federal Highway Administration, The Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, The Washington State Department of Transportation, The Nisqually Tribe, and the Puyallup Tribe.
West Bay Yards, Thruston County, WA (2022-Current)
ATCRC was contracted by a private LLC to provide a cultural resource assessment for the construction of a mixed-use space and seawall. ATCRC conducted a background review and field investigation in compliance with the State Environmental Protection Act (SEPA). ATCRC recommends that cultural resource monitoring occurs during any and all ground-disturbing activities within the project area and that a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) or Programmatic Agreement be prepared prior to the commencement of construction.
Hoffman Hill Tract-O Development Project, Pierce County, WA (2018)
A private developer contracted TCRC for Cultural Resource monitoring for a 3.6-acre multi-family residential space construction as agreed in the Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) with The City of DuPont (City), the Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation (DAHP), the Nisqually Indian Tribe (Nisqually), and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). Monitoring was conducted to identify any significant archaeological, cultural, or historic sites that might be encountered during construction. Monitoring was completed over the course of 10 days. ATCRC conducted monitoring across the API during excavation activities, constructing a percolation pond suitable for stormwater runoff. If additional ground-disturbing work is required beyond the current defined API, consultation should be re-initiated to determine if additional cultural resource monitoring or study is warranted.
Portage Bay Park Development, King County, WA (2015)
Seattle Department of Parks and Recreation contracted a private company to assist in the development of an open waterfront park with opportunities for water/shoreline recreation meeting ADA requirements and providing recreational experiences for all ages and abilities. This development will require remediation of site contamination, building demolition, and partial reuse of building elements along with shoreline enhancement. Aqua Terra Cultural Resource Consultants (ATCRC) performed the Cultural Resource Assessment to comply with section 106 of NHPA by identifying the presence of historic resources within the Area of Potential Impact (APE) through the completion of a cultural resource survey, resource forms, an inadvertent discovery plan, and a CRA report. This project went to mitigation and had a memorandum of agreement with the City of Seattle, the University of Washington, The Washington State Recreation and Conservation Office, The National Park Service, and The Washington State Historic Preservation Officer.
On-Call Projects
Aqua Terra Cultural Resource Consulting provides on-call services for cultural resources services for project compliance with SEPA, GEO 21-01, and Section 106 to ensure proper reaction in the case of Inadvertent Discovery. ATCRC has provided on-call services to a wide variety of past projects. ATCRC is currently on an on-call staff with several entities such as the city of Tumwater, Port of Tacoma, Lewis County, City of Olympia, Clallam County, and Pierce County Public Works and Utilities.
And many others!
SEPA requires that impacts on cultural resources be considered during the public environmental review process. Under SEPA, the Washington State Department of Archeological and Historic Preservation (DAHP) is the sole agency with technical expertise regarding cultural resources. It provides formal opinions to other state agencies and local governments regarding a property's significance and the potential impact of proposed projects upon such properties.
According to DAHP (n.d.), under SEPA, “resources on the subject or adjacent property should be evaluated for their eligibility at the local, state and/or national register level.” DAHP (n.d.) also notes that “DAHP will only review eligibility determination for State and National Register listing” and clarified that “eligibility for local listing is done through a city or county preservation program.”
SEPA does not define “eligibility” or “significance” and, as such, the de facto is to use the National Register Criteria for Evaluation (National Park Service [NPS] 1995). These guidelines state that to be eligible for listing in the National Register, a property must be significant in American history, architecture, archaeology, engineering, or culture and must meet one or more of the four criteria:
A. be associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history; or
B. be associated with the lives of persons significant in our past; or
C. embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction;
D. have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history.
Additionally, to be eligible for the National Register, a resource must retain integrity. According to NPS (1995), integrity is the ability of a historic property to convey its significance. Integrity must be evident through historic qualities, which may include location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association.
Packwood Sunfisher Development Project, Packwood, Lewis County, WA (2023)
A private developer contracted ATCRC to provide a cultural resource assessment background review, field investigation, and production of a report. This project followed the State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA) for developing 36 private residential lots with private and public utilities, an associated roadway, and storm drainage improvements. ATCRC recommends that the project proceed as planned but that the project adopt an Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP) in case any additional cultural resources are identified during ground disturbance.
Manor House Development Project Lacey, Thurston County, WA (2021)
A private developer contracted ATCRC to complete a cultural resource assessment, consisting of a background review, field investigation, and report production in compliance with the State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA). The project was done by a mechanical backhoe to depths between 4 and 7 feet below the surface to assess whether cultural resources were present within the project area. Field investigation included visual reconnaissance of the Area of Potential Effects (APE) in the form of a pedestrian survey of the project area and subsurface testing with a mechanical backhoe. ATCRC recommended that the project adopt an inadvertent discovery plan (IDP) if additional cultural resources arise during construction, especially those associated with the nearby structure and that the project proceeds as planned.
Transportation Co-op Facility, Kittitas County, WA (2019)
The Cle Elum Roslyn school district contacted ATCRC to conduct a cultural resource assessment of constructing two new facilities in a high-risk area. The assessment consisted of a background review, field investigation, and production of a report subject to the State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA). After the cultural resources assessment, ATCRC recommends that the proposed project activities proceed without further archaeological oversight with an Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP).
North Levee Road Development Fife, Pierce County, WA (2017)
A private developer contracted ATCRC to complete a cultural resources assessment that included background research, field investigation, preparation of a final report, and an Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP) in compliance with the State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA). The project area for the construction of single-family and low-density multi-family residences in a 6-acre project area had been designated as “High Risk” by the Department of Archaeology and Historical Preservation (DAHP). Field investigations consisted of pedestrian survey and subsurface testing. ATCRC recommended that an Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP) be adopted prior to further ground-disturbing activities in the event that archaeological resources or human remains are discovered during site development.
Lanphear Development Project SEPA, Mason County, WA (2015)
A private construction company contracted ATCRC for a cultural resource assessment to construct two houses and septic tanks on a 4-acre plot. The assessment was required by the Squaxin Island Tribe and included background research, a field survey, and preparing an official report in compliance with the Washington State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA). No historic properties were identified within the project area of potential impacts and the project should proceed as planned.
Oysterville Water Systems Improvement Project, Pacific County, WA (2013)
ATCRC was contracted for the cultural resource assessment of a private company's proposed water system improvement project. ATCRC’s Section 106 National Historic Preservation Act and State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA) compliant assessment included a visual reconnaissance, pedestrian survey, subsurface inspection, background research, and an assessment report recommending project effects on historic properties. This project required interfacing with the local homeowner’s association, three local tribes, the Washington State Department of Health, and the Department of Archaeology and Historical Preservation (DAHP).
Executive Order 21-02 (Formerly EO 05-05)
EO 21-02 requires that “cultural resources, archaeological sites, historic structures, and tribal sacred places are fully considered in any state-funded project and that impacts to these cultural resources must be considered” (DAHP n.d.). EO 21-02 also requires that “all state agencies consider how future proposed projects may impact significant cultural and historic places” (DAHP n.d.). The process requires consultation with both the DAHP and tribal governments.
EO 21-02 does not define “significant” and, as such, the de facto is to use the National Register Criteria for Evaluation (National Park Service [NPS] 1995). These guidelines state that to be eligible for listing in the NRHP, a property must be significant in American history, architecture, archaeology, engineering, or culture and must meet one or more of the four NRHP criteria:
A. be associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history; or
B. be associated with the lives of persons significant in our past; or
C. embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction;
D. have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history.
Additionally, to be eligible for the NRHP a resource must retain integrity. According to NPS (1995), integrity is the ability of a historic property to convey its significance. Integrity must be evident through historic qualities, which may include location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association.
Sequalitchew Creek Watershed Project, Pierce County, WA (2023)
ATCRC’s cultural resources assessment for a private developer consisted of background review, field investigation, and production of a report in accordance with the Washington State Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation (DAHP), each of the sites were inventoried and, following EO 21-02, each were evaluated for listing on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The projects consisted of reconnecting surface water sources and implementing beaver management projects. Field investigation included pedestrian survey, subsurface testing, and monitoring of geotechnical borings. ATCRC finds that this project will have an adverse effect on cultural resources and recommends archaeological monitoring, the nomination of the historic property, and an intensive survey of previously recorded sites.
Naches Trail School Replacement Project, Pierce County, WA (2022)
ATCRC conducted a cultural resource survey for the Bethel School District’s 80,000-square-foot elementary school project. This included background research for historic properties, registered structures, archaeological sites, or cemeteries within a half mile. The project involves working with Pierce County, the City of Tacoma, the State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA) permit, and Executive Order 21-02 compliance. No historic properties were identified within the project area and ATCRC recommended that the project proceed as planned.
Big Quilcene Moon Vally, Jefferson County, WA (2020)
ATCRC was contracted to conduct a cultural resource assessment on a project funded by a Washington State Recreation and Conservation Office (RCO) for a 21.98-acre parcel for a water system improvement project. This included field investigations including a visual reconnaissance, pedestrian survey, and historic property inventory form preparation for the structures on the parcels. The project was funded by a Washington State Recreation and Conservation Office (RCO) grant and falls under the auspices of the Governor’s Executive Order 05-05. ATCRC also recommended that an Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP) be adopted prior to further ground-disturbing activities on the remainder of the site if archaeological resources or human remains are discovered during further site development.
Port of Allyn Utility Upgrade Project, Mason County, WA (2018)
ATCRC conducted a cultural resource survey by the Port of Allyn to improve park and pier infrastructure in an area of 4.25 acres. ATCRC completed a subsurface survey and a cultural resource assessment report in compliance with the Governor’s Executive Order 05-05 (EO 05-05). ATCRC recommends that an Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP) be adopted prior to any ground disturbance within the project area.
City of Mill Creek Public Works Shop Project Mill Creek, Snohomish County, WA (2016)
ATCRC performed a cultural resources assessment for a private architecture firm for their demolition of a residence, grading, and construction of a new building for the City of Mill Creek on a 5-acre parcel. This project included background research, field investigation, and preparation of an official report in compliance with the Governor’s Executive Order 05-05. No historic properties were identified within the project area and ATCRC recommended that an Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP) be adopted prior to further ground-disturbing activities.
Pacific Shellfish Co. Aquaculture Facility Upgrade, Mason County, WA (2013)
ATCRC provided an expedited cultural resource assessment for constructing a private company's new aquaculture facilities. ATCRC completed a background investigation and conducted a pedestrian and shovel-probe survey in the Area of Potential Effects (APE). This followed the Governor’s Executive Order 05-05, requiring tribal consultation with two local tribes.
Section 106 of the National Preservation Act (NHPA)
Section 106 of the NHPA, as amended, and its implementing regulations described in 36 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 800. Section 106 requires that federal agencies account for the effects of their undertakings on historic properties. A historic property is typically aged 50 years or older and is defined in 36 CFR Part 800.16(l)(1) as follows:
… any prehistoric or historic district, site, building, structure, or object included in, or eligible for inclusion in, the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) maintained by the Secretary of the Interior. This term includes artifacts, records, and remains that are related to and located within such properties. The term includes properties of traditional religious and cultural importance to an Indian tribe or Native Hawaiian organization and that meet [… NRHP] criteria.
The procedures under Section 106 require that the federal lead agency involved in the undertaking must identify the Area of Potential Effects (APE), conduct an inventory of historic properties that may be located within the APE, and determine whether any of the historic properties identified are eligible for listing in the NRHP. An APE is defined in 36 CFR 800.16(d) as follows:
… the geographic area or areas within which an undertaking may directly or indirectly cause alterations in the character or use of historic properties, if any such properties exist. The APE is influenced by the scale and nature of an undertaking and may be different for different kinds of effects caused by the undertaking.
PTOI Kenmore SeaPlane Terminal, Pierce County, WA (2023)
The Puyallup Tribe contracted ATCRC to provide a cultural resource assessment for constructing a SeaPlane terminal adjacent to a floating dock. ATCRC cultural resources assessment consisted of background review, field investigation, and production of an official report in compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) as it is funded by the Pullayup Tribe of Indians (PTOI) and requires a United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Clean Water Act 404 permit. The field investigation included drilling sonicore bores in strategic locations across the project area. No cultural resources were identified. As such, ATCRC recommends the project continue as planned.
Redondo Fishing Pier Rehabilitation Project, King County, WA (2021)
ATCRC performed a cultural resource survey for a private consulting company to prepare to replace the fishing pier, wooden bulkhead, and public restrooms. Field investigations included a pedestrian survey and subsurface testing of the intertidal zone and the sub-tidal impact area per Tribal request. The project required permits and approvals from multiple regulatory agencies including the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Washington Department of Natural Resources (WDFW), Washington State Department of Ecology, and the City of Des Moines Planning Department. As such the project was conducted in compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). ATCRC advised the adoption of an Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP) in the case of future ground-disturbing activities.
Tacoma Harbor Deepening Study, Pierce County, WA (2019)
ATCRC performed a cultural resources review for an environmental science consulting firm for monitoring in-water sampling of the waterway subject to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) and the implementing regulations in 36 CFR Part 800. ATCRC’s background review consisted of researching available historical documents, maps, and accounts, as well as cultural resources studies and sites previously recorded in and in the vicinity of the Area of Potential Effects (APE). No evidence of cultural materials and/or deposits was encountered during monitoring.
Titlow Beach Restoration Project, Pierce County, WA (2018)
ATCRC provided archaeological monitoring for a demolition project of two structures, concrete seawall, and rock bulkhead, and removed fill material from the shoreline. This is federally funded by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ATCRC cultural resource assessment consisted of background research, monitoring, a survey, and a cultural resource assessment report in compliance with Section 106 of cultural resources assessment and the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). No pre-historic period or historic period archaeological sites or objects were observed within the native sediments excavated geotechnical core drilling.
Nisqually Indian Tribe Community Garden, Pierce County, WA (2016)
The Nisqually Indian Tribe regulated the project and was subject to the Nisqually Indian Tribe Cultural Resource Department review process requirements. For the construction of a new garden, ATCRC's assessment consisted of a background review, field investigation, and production of a report in compliance with Section 106 of the Cultural Resources Assessment and the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). ATCRC recommended no further work on this site.
Sammamish Cottages, King County, WA (2015)
ATCRC was contracted to conduct assessment background research for a private developer. This included ATCRC conducting a field survey, and preparation of a report for a complex of 10 cottage dwelling units and a parking lot on a 1.47-acre site in compliance with Section 106 cultural resources assessment and the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). ATCRC found no historic properties were affected and recommends that the project proceed as planned.
Historic Property Inventory Surveys
The Washington State Department of Archeological and Historic Preservation (DAHP) is mandated by federal and state statutes to house and maintain a record of structures older than 50 years or for the form to be updated if it has been more than 10 years. These properties must be recorded on the Archaeology Site Inventory Form, Traditional Cultural Property Inventory Template, Cemetery Inventory Form, Submerged Historic Archaeological Resource Registration Form, and Historic Property Inventory Form along with the associated survey report.
Historic Property Inventory Forms (HPI) are used to record resources and their National Register eligibility and can only be used for the evaluation of an individual structure. Professional consultants involved in historic building surveys should be able to provide sufficient information to make defensible decisions regarding a structure eligibility and effects so that an informed and legally defensible decision can be made by DAHP.
Evaluation criteria for NRHP listing was based on the National Register Criteria for Evaluation as summarized in 36 CFR 60.4: The quality of significance in American history, architecture, archaeology, engineering and culture is present in districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects that possess integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association; and:
A. are associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history; or
B. are associated with the lives of persons significant in our past; or
C. embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction; D. have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history.
To be considered eligible for listing the guidelines set forth in National Register Bulletin (NRB) #15: How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation were referenced for proper evaluation of each of the historic-aged resources identified in the APE. The recommended sequence for evaluation of a property, as recommended in Section III How to Use This Bulletin to Evaluate a Property included:
1. Categorizing the property as a district, site, building, structure, or object for inclusion in the National Register;
2. Determining which prehistoric or historic context(s) the property represents (i.e. American history, architecture, archaeology, engineering, or culture);
3. Determining whether the property is significant under the National Register Criteria;
4. Determining if the property represents a type usually excluded from the National Register; and,
5. Determining wither the property retains integrity of location, design, setting, workmanship, materials, feeling, and association.
Apple Capital Loop, Douglas County, WA (2023)
The City of Wenatchee contracted ATCRC for a Cultural Resources Assessment for the construction of the bike/pedestrian access bridge project that is located in a very high-risk area for the presence of cultural resources. The project is partially funded with federal funds from the Infrastructure for Rebuilding America (INFRA) Grant and permitted through WSDOT; therefore, it is subject to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). ATCRC’s cultural resources assessment for this project consisted of a background review, field investigation, and production of a report. ATCRC’s field investigation included a pedestrian survey and monitoring of geotechnical bores and test pits. ATCRC recommends that the bridge is eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Properties (NRHP), that the project be monitored by an archaeologist, and that an Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP) be implemented during project construction.
South Prairie Creek Restoration Project, Pierce County, WA (2022-2023)
The Pierce Conservation District (PCD), South Puget Sound Salmon Enhancement Group (SPSSEG), the Puyallup Tribe of Indians (PTOI), Pierce County, the Washington State Recreation and Conservation Office (RCO), and the Washington State Department of Ecology (ECY) joint 95-acre restoration project contracted ATCRC for Cultural Resources Assessment. ATCRC’s cultural resources assessment for this project consisted of field investigation and production of a report. This project was conducted, in part, to satisfy the regulatory requirements of EO 21-02. The process requires consultation with both the Department of Archeology and Historic Preservation (DAHP) and tribal governments. ATCRC’s field investigation inventoried several buildings and locations eligible for Historic Property Inventory with the DAHP and recommended the project avoid those areas and project be monitored by an archaeologist, and that an Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP) be implemented during project construction.
Palouse to Cascades Trail Beverly Bridge Rehabilitation Project, Kittias/Grant Counties, WA (2020)
Washington State Parks contracted ATCRC for a cultural resources survey for a new trail and non-motorized river crossing. ATCRC conducted background research, field investigation, and report preparation in compliance with the Washington State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA). ATCRC identified a possible historic bridge and performed a Historic Property Inventory survey. The bridge was restored, and this project won the Outstanding Rehabilitation- Valerie Sivinski Award for the cost-effective Rehabilitation plan, preserving the grand appearance of the historic structure with minimal site disturbance.
Family Support Center of South Sound Affordable Housing Project, Thurston County, (2021)
A cultural resource assessment was requested by the City of Olympia and the Nisqually Indian Cultural Resource Department for the construction of a 62-unit affordable apartment housing complex on undeveloped land. Prior to the ground-disturbing activity, ATCRC was contracted to conduct the assessment, which included a background review, field investigation, and report preparation. ATCRC identified no significant cultural resources during the survey, and ATCRC recommends that the project proceed as planned. In addition, ATCRC recommends that the City adopt an Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP) in the case cultural resources are encountered during ground-disturbing activities.
Port Townsend Paper Company’s Sawmill Demolition Project, Jefferson County (2020)
ATCRC was contracted to conduct a cultural resources survey of the demolition of the old Port Townsend Papermill building. The proposed demolition will occur on a wood-constructed platform supported by pilings and on a cut-and-fill area adjacent to the wood platform. ATCRC’s cultural resources assessment included background research, field investigation, and preparation of an official report. Field investigations consisted of a reconnaissance-level historic property survey. ATCRC determined it is unlikely that any cultural materials or features will be impacted during project construction other than the sawmill remains and recommended that an Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP) be adopted prior to any further ground-disturbing activities in the event that archaeological resources or human remains are discovered during site development.
NE 70th St Historic Property Inventory, King County, WA (2016)
ATCRC was contracted by the owner to complete a historic property inventory of a single-family residence. The property owner is planning to subdivide the property, which requires the demolition of a historic-age single-family dwelling. King County requested the completion of a Historic Property Inventory (HPI). ATCRC assisted the client by completing a historic property survey and a historic property inventory form.
Raft Island Historic Bridge Inventory, Pierce County, WA (2012)
ATCRC was contracted by a private company to provide a historic bridge evaluation for a bridge repair project. Background research and a historic property inventory form was provided for the bridge in accordance with requests from the Department of Archeology and Historic Preservation (DAHP)
ARPA (Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979/1988)
The Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979, amended in 1988, is a federal law governing the excavation of archaeological sites and the removal and disposition of artifacts on Federal and Indian lands inside the United States. Congress has ruled that archaeological resources on public and Indian lands are an accessible and irreplaceable part of the Nation’s Heritage and should be protected. This law requires a permit from Federal land managers any for archeological investigations, such as excavation or removal or archeological resources on Federal, Public, or Indian Lands.
A permit may be issued pursuant to an application under subsection (a) if the Federal land manager determines, pursuant to uniform regulations under this Act, that--
1. the applicant is qualified, to carry out the permitted activity,
2. the activity is undertaken for the purpose of furthering archaeological knowledge in the public interest,
3. the archaeological resources which are excavated or removed from public lands will remain the property of the United States, and such resources and copies of associated archaeological records and data will be preserved by a suitable university, museum, or other scientific or educational institution, and
4. the activity pursuant to such permit is not inconsistent with any management plan applicable to the public lands concerned.
Archeological resources are defined as, but not limited to pottery, basketry, bottles, weapons, weapon projectiles, tools, structures or portions of structures, pit houses, rock paintings, rock carvings, intaglios, graves, human skeletal materials, or any portion or piece of any of the foregoing items. This law also prohibits activities and criminal penalties for unpermitted activities, such as selling, purchasing, exchanging, transporting, of archaeological resources and is punishable up towards a 100,000-dollar fine and five years in jail.
Icicle Creek AWS Project, Chelan County, WA (2023)
ATCRC was contracted by the Chelan County Natural Resource Department (CCNRD) to conduct a cultural resource assessment consisting of a background review, field investigation, and report production. The project completed 32 shovel probes with 20-meter interval transects within the Area of Potential Effects (APE). This project required an Archaeological Resources Protection Act (ARPA) permit and to be in compliance with the Washington State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA) and Governor's Executive Order 21-02 (E0 21-02). ATCRC recommends that the project proceed as planned and an Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP) be adopted prior to further ground-disturbing activities on the remainder of the site in the event that archaeological resources or human remains are discovered during further site development.
Phase 4, WSDOT I-5 JBLM Vicinity Improvement Project, Pierce County, WA (2014-2017)
ATCRC was contracted to conduct archaeological and historic property surveys and assessments for the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) Interstate 5 (I-5) project in Pierce County. ATCRC’s team completed an archaeological and architectural history survey of the 1000-acre project area. The assessment complied with Section 106 of the National Environmental Protection Act (NEPA), Environmental Assessment (EA), and Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979/1988 (ARPA). ATCRC staff worked with the WSDOT team to provide archaeological monitoring for geotechnical testing and responded to an inadvertent discovery during testing. The project required communication with JBLM cultural resources staff, multiple tribes, the Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979/1988 (ARPA) permitting, and Joint-Base Lewis-McChord (JBLM) coordination and permitting. ATCRC found multiple historic properties and sites and multiple written reports and recommendations.
JARPA (Joint Aquatic Resource Permit Application)
The Joint Aquatic Resource Permit Application (JARPA) is a streamlined permit application for Federal, State, and Local Permits such as Section 10 and 404 of the USACE, U.S Coast Guard PATON, Washington State 401 Water Quality, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife: Hydraulic Project Approval, Washington Department of Natural Resources: Aquatic Use Authorization, Shoreline Conditional Use Permit, Shoreline Variance, Shoreline Exemption.
Donley PRF Instillation Project, Pierce County, WA (2023)
Aqua Terra Cultural Resource Consultants (ATCRC) was contracted by a private landowner for the installation of a Pier/Ram/Float. The project requires permitting through the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) as part of the Joint Aquatic Resources Permit Application (JARPA) process and, as such, must be conducted in compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), as amended. ATCRC’s cultural resources assessment consisted of a background review, field investigation, and production of an official report. ATCRC recommends that the project proceed as planned. If the project design changes or additional ground-disturbing work is required, consultation should be re-initiated to determine if additional study is warranted.
Nearshore Restoration Project, Pierce County, WA (2020)
The Pierce County Conservation District contracted ATCRC to perform a background review of the study area, including a summary of results of archaeological sites, historic structures, or other cultural resource surveys within one mile of the project area. The Pierce Conservation District project's proposed direct impacts include removing stretches of failed and failing beach bulkheads and planting. ATCRC recommended an archaeological pedestrian survey of the entire Area of Potential Effects (APE) and a subsurface survey of all proposed direct impact areas before ground disturbance. The project complied with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). ATCRC also recommends that the project proceed as planned with the archaeological monitoring and Inadvertent Discovery Plan.
Rose Bulkhead Removal, Pierce County, WA (2019)
ATCRC completed a cultural resource survey by a private contracting company in their project that involves the removal of an existing failing wood pile bulkhead and the construction of a new large angular rock bulkhead. ATCRC’s work included background research, field investigation, a technical memorandum, and a summary of findings for a project. This project complied with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) and Joint Aquatic Resources Permit Application (JARPA). ATCRC found no cultural resources within the project area and recommends the project proceed as planned.
Spillway Replacement and Bank Protection Project, Pierce County, WA (2016)
ATCRC was contracted by a private LLC to complete Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act for the cultural resource assessment at the diversion headwaters of the 112-year-old Electron Hydropower Project. Due to the planned alteration of the historic wooden diversion structure and construction of the spillway replacement facilities and outfalls to the Puyallup River, the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) permitted the project. ATRC prepared a Historic Property Inventory Form and created the Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP). ATCRC initiated technical consultation with the Puyallup Tribe of Indians Natural and Cultural Resource Departments prior to project survey efforts, and representatives of the PTOI were involved in fieldwork and extensive early consultation regarding the proposed undertaking. ATCRC provided the client with the recommendation for Adverse Effect effects on the eligible structure and assessed the historical context of the surrounding Hydropower plant, flume, and other associated structures.
28 Mile Creek Steelhead Acclimation Pond Project, Pierce County, WA (2014)
ATCRC provided a cultural resource assessment for a construction project for a seasonal acclimation pond to promote the Steelhead population. The project is subject to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) due to its location on federal lands and the requirement of a Joint Aquatic Resources Permit Application (JARPA) permit to work within waters managed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). ATCRC’s cultural resources assessment included background investigation, fieldwork that consisted of a pedestrian survey, subsurface investigation, and preparation of an official report. ATCRC recommends preparation and compliance with an Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP) during project construction to ensure buried historic properties are identified and managed if encountered.
Ceres Hill Road Band Protection Project, Lewis County, WA (2013)
The Lewis County Public Works Department contracted ATCRC to complete the archaeological/historic resource survey on an expedited schedule for the 4-acre bank protection project. ATCRC ensured the project met the requirements of the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) Highways and Local Programs Division by the project by completing a cultural resource background investigation, initiation of tribal consultation, a pedestrian survey, a subsurface survey using shovel and auger probes, archaeological survey/historic property inventory, documentation of a National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) eligible structure, and a technical report cultural resource assessment for submission to USACE and DAHP. This project required interfacing with the county and three local tribes. ATCRC assessed that the project is not likely to have any adverse effect on the structure that is eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), and the project should proceed as planned.
Cultural Resource Monitoring Projects
ATCRC provides a Cultural Resource Monitoring service for projects that involve digging into High-Risk or Very High-Risk areas as dictated by the Department of Archaeological and Historic Preservation (DAHP). We can provide background research on the site, create a specialized Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP), and educate the plan to the crew. The archeologist will be a physical presence at the site to monitor in case of a discovery.
Lower Dungeness River Floodplain Restoration and Levee Setback, Clallam County, WA (2022)
Clallam County contracted ATCRC to provide cultural resource monitoring for the construction of a new roadway along a levee, reconnect historical side channels, restore connected floodplain habitats, replant native plants, construct new culverts and bridges, and remove the existing levee. The total project area encompasses approximately 144.7 acres, within which the County is proposing to complete the project required permits and approval from multiple regulatory agencies including the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, the Washington Department of Natural Resources, and the Washington State Department of Ecology. The project must be conducted in compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). Section 106 requires federal agencies to consider the effect of undertakings on historic properties that are or may be eligible for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). ATCRC recommends a project determination of no adverse effect to historic properties, and the undertaking should proceed as planned.
City of Olympia-Franklin Way Improvements Project, Thurston County, WA (2022)
ATCRC was contracted by the City of Olympia for a Cultural Resources Assessment for a roadway improvement project in a very high probability area. The assessment consisted of a pedestrian survey, background research, and the production of a report. ATCRC Identified 2 historic sites and recommended the city coordinate to mitigate impacts, such as avoiding one, and recommend an intensive level survey prior to the removal of the other historic feature.
Lake to Sound Trail, King County, WA (2015, 2016, 2019)
The Lake to Sound Trail is a joint venture between the cities of Renton, Tukwila, SeaTac, Burien, and Des Moines, Washington. ATCRC has assisted the Consulting company with the preparation of a monitoring plan and archaeological Excavation Permit and is providing ongoing monitoring services during construction of the 16-mile, non-motorized, multi-use recreational trail. The project is funded by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). The Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) Highways and Local Programs is assisting King County with FHWA funding and is acting on behalf of FHWA as the lead federal agency. Regulatory compliance for the project is managed by the King County Roads Services Division (KCRSD). Federal funding requires that the project be conducted in compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA).
Views on 5th Development Project, Thurston County, WA (2017)
A private developer proposed a project that would redevelop the project area with a mixed-use, multi-family residential and commercial complex. ATCRC prepared a Historic Property Inventory (HPI) form and submitted it to the Department of Archeology and Historic Preservation (DAHP). Field investigations consisted of pedestrian surveys and archaeological screening of geotechnical bores; no cultural resources were encountered. The project is permitted by the City of Olympia and, as such, is subject to the State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA). During the review process, the Washington State Department of Historic Preservation (DAHP) expressed concerns and then requested completion of the following cultural resource review activities: a study of the impacts to the historic viewshed, a socioeconomic assessment of the proposal’s effects on the National Register-listed Downtown Olympia Historic District, preparation of an overview for the project area that utilizes archival resources including historical maps, and cultural resource monitoring of geotechnical borings and boring substrate analysis by a Professional Archaeologist.
Dutton Bulkhead Repair Thurston County, WA (2015)
ATCRC was contracted by the property owners for the installation of a 30ft bulkhead seaward using a soldier piling wall design with pilings with a 23 ft depth as well as a new retaining wall. The Nisqually Indian Tribe requested a cultural resource assessment and preparation of an Inadvertent Discovery Plan for the project. ATCRC assisted the property owner with complying with these various state and federal legal requirements by identifying the presence of historic resources within the Area of Potential Effect (APE) through the completion of background research, tribal coordination, archaeological monitoring, and writing a monitoring report.
City of Lakewood Housing Development Project, Pierce County, WA (2012)
ATCRC was contracted by the City of Lakewood for Cultural resource monitoring services for excavations to install utilities in five newly constructed low-income single-family homes. This project requires interfacing with and participation from the Puyallup Tribe of Indians Historic Preservation Department. ATCRC created an Inadvertent Discovery Plan, conducting monitoring, and a monitoring report.
Geotechnical Monitoring Projects
ATCRC provides a Geotechnical Monitoring service for projects that perform drilling into High-Risk areas as dictated by the Department of Archaeological and Historic Preservation (DAHP). We can provide background research on the site, create a specialized Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP), and educate the plan to the crew. The archeologist will be a physical presence at the site to monitor in case of a discovery.
Canyon Road Northerly Extension Project, Pierce County, WA (2020-present)
Pierce County contracted Aqua Terra Cultural Resources to assist in fulfilling cultural resource management requirements for the development project to expand Canyon Road East to provide a direct link, T2 truck freight route. ATCRC’s cultural resources assessment consisted of a background review, the production of a monitoring plan in preparation for pedestrian and subsurface surveys, and the production of a report. Cultural resource technicians monitored geotechnical bores with a total of 23 drilling locations in daytime and nighttime conditions across the APE along with 10 backhoe test pit excavations. The project was partially funded by the Federal Highways Administration (FHWA) and, as such, is subject to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). Section 106 requires that federal agencies having direct or indirect jurisdiction over a proposed project that has been defined as an undertaking per the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and its implementing regulations must consider the effects of that undertaking on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) eligible historic properties. ATCRC recommended cultural resource monitoring of the ground disturbance along the access road.
Sediment Sampling in Chambers Creek, Pierce County, WA (2019)
ATCRC was contracted to provide cultural resource monitoring services and sediment analysis for the in-water vibracore drilling for in-water sampling activities in Chambers Creek, in support of a feasibility study and alternatives analysis to support the future restoration of Chambers Bay. The restoration project will likely require permitting from the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and is, therefore, expected to be subject to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), as amended. ATCRC’s background review consisted of researching available historical documents, maps, and accounts; and cultural resources studies and sites previously recorded in, and in the vicinity of, the Area of Potential Effects (APE).
Seattle Public Utilities CSO BFO Reduction Project, King County, WA (2014)
ATCRC was contracted by an engineering company to conduct a cultural resource assessment and project monitoring within the Area of Potential Effects (APE). This assessment included a background investigation, a review of the project scope, sonicore screening of select sediments in sonic core drilled geotechnical test units, and preparation of a report. The information contained within our report is intended to inform the selection of geotechnical drilling locations. The project was part of a joint effort by the City of Seattle, King County, the Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology), and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Background research indicated that the project was unlikely to cause adverse effects on historic properties (defined as intact, eligible cultural resources) and moderately likely to affect buried archaeological deposits (defined as materials that are archaeological in nature but lack integrity).
Federal Transit Authority (FTA)
The Federal Transit Authority (FTA) is a federal entity that provides financial and technical assistance to local public transit systems, including buses, subways, light rails, commuter rails, trolleys, and ferries.
East Fork Lewis River Bridge Projects, Clark County, WA (2021)
Clark County contracted ATCRC for a complete cultural resource assessment for six project areas with an anticipated ground impact on the fiberglass reinforcement for bridges. This project is federally funded and subject to compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Protection Act (NHPA), as amended, and its implementing regulations described in 36 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 800. The cultural survey conducted by ATCRC included pedestrian and historic structure surveys that found no historic properties were affected and the project should continue as planned. Consultation should be re-initiated if any additional ground-disturbing work is required.
Monroe Main Street Gateway, Snohomish County, WA (2015)
ATCRC performed a cultural resources assessment for a 1.3-acre roadway project plans included landscaping, signage, and pocket parks for the City of Monroe. The project was anticipated to receive funding from the Federal Transit Administration (FTA), which needed to comply with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). The Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) managed regulatory compliance for the project. ATCRC completed an architectural survey and updated 8 historic property inventory forms with the Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation. Field investigation also included subsurface shovel probe survey for archaeological resources.
Sound Transit Sounder Yard Station, King County, WA (2013-14)
ATCRC assisted Sound Transit over a one-year duration by providing construction contractor cultural resources training, preparation of an Inadvertent Discovery Plan IIDP), and preparation of a cultural resource monitoring report for the project as well as on-call response to inadvertent discoveries.
Sound Transit Authority Tukwila, King County, WA (2013)
ATCRC provided construction contractor training on inadvertent discoveries, cultural resource monitoring services, and cultural resource assessment to assist with compliance with a Federal Transit Authority Programmatic Agreement during construction of the Tukwila Sounder Station in Tukwila, Washington. An inadvertent discovery plan was prepared for the project, and ATCRC was contracted to provide construction contractor training on inadvertent discoveries, cultural resource monitoring services, and cultural resource assessment. Services were provided over a one-year duration.
Fir Lane, Pierce County, WA (2013)
ATCRC performed a literature review and field inspection and based on the results of the literature review and field reconnaissance, completed cultural resource monitoring is recommended. Archaeological monitoring sub-consultant services were provided for a Pierce County Public Works and Utilities/WSDOT Highways and Local Programs (H&LP) roadway improvement project.
Olympia Center Expansion Project, Thurston County, WA (2013)
On behalf of the Federal Transit Authority (FTA), Aqua Terra Cultural Resource Consultants contracted with Intercity Transit to conduct a cultural resource assessment for constructing a new building and installing a generator and waste management facilities. The project required a cultural resource survey and evaluation in compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA).
Spokane Transit Authority West Plains, Spokane, WA (2014-2015)
ATCRC was contracted to provide Section 106 of the NHPA cultural resource assessment and monitoring services for the 30-acre Spokane Transit Authority transit center project development. This project required consultation with multiple federal, state, local, and tribal agency organizations.
Underwater Archeology
The Pacific Northwest has a long history of maritime activity with possible habitation dating back to the recessions of the glaciers during the Ice Age over 17,000 years ago when the coastline was 100 m below where it is now. Even though this region has gone through many changes it has always been an area that has always been rich in maritime history.
Underwater and Vibracore Reconnaissance of the Columbia Improvement District Witner Pump Station Project, Marrow County, OR (2020)
ATCRC was contracted by a private company to perform an underwater cultural resources reconnaissance and vibracore survey. Under contract with the Columbia Improvement District (CID), they proposed installing two 36-inch diameter high-density polyethylene intake pipes, a new pump station, and a 30-inch ductile iron pipe tying into the existing irrigation pipeline. his project required construction in Section 404 Waters of the State, necessitating a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) 404 (Removal-Fill) Permit. As such, the project was subject to review under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, and its implementing regulation, 36 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 800. No cultural resources were identified due to this survey, and no further work is recommended within the in-water portions of the site.
Amstad Farms Columbia River Intake Modification, Marrow County, OR (2015)
ATCRC was contracted to complete an underwater reconnaissance with a principal investigator, geoarchaeologist, project archaeologist, and subcontractor who provided sub-bottom profiling and vibracore drilling services from a shallow water operation research boat. Prior to vibracore testing, the team analyzed the sub-bottom record to interpret anomalies along the proposed pipeline corridor that would have the potential to affect the vibracore drill's ability to penetrate sediments or could be intact historic resources. The project required a United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) permit to install an irrigation intake pipe in the Columbia River, and as such needed to comply with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). A survey had previously been completed for the terrestrial portion of the project, but the Oregon State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) requested a survey of the underwater portion of the project Area of Potential Effects (APE). ATCRC identified areas to avoid and recommended the client to redesign plans.
Stahl H.B Farms Irrigation Intake Modification Project, Marrow County, OR (2015)
ATCRC was contracted for an underwater reconnaissance by a private company. ATCRC’s project team included a principal investigator, geoarchaeologist, and project archaeologist, as well as a subcontractor who provided sub-bottom profiling and vibracore drilling services from a shallow water operation research boat. Prior to vibracore testing, the team analyzed the sub-bottom record and interpreted anomalies along the proposed pipeline corridor that would have the potential to affect the vibracore drill's ability to penetrate sediments. The team completed 10 vibracores, and water-screened the recovered bore sediments. The project required a United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) permit for the installation of an irrigation intake pipe in the Columbia River and, as such, needed to comply with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. A survey had previously been completed for the terrestrial portion of the project, but the Oregon State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) requested a survey of the underwater portion of the project area of potential effects. ATCRC was able to recommend a determination of No Historic Properties Affected by the project.
Historic Maritime Resource Survey, Mason County, WA (2013)
Provided archaeological and historic maritime transportation resource survey, boat survey, and cultural resource assessment services for fourteen miles of shoreline throughout north Case Inlet, Washington to the Mason County Historic Preservation Commission. The project included public outreach and a conference with the Squaxin Island Tribe and Skokomish Tribal Nation for historic property inventory.
Twinberry Beach Subdivision, Pacific County, WA (2011)
ATCRC was contracted by a landowner to complete an expedited cultural resource assessment of 5.6 acres bordering the Pacific Ocean in Westport, Washington. This project required interfacing with the Department of Archaeological and Historic Preservation (DAHP), the United States Army Corp of Engineers (USACE), and three local tribes.
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)
This provides us with the ability to survey the soil without digging. We have a dual-frequency radar antennae that can penetrate down to a max of twenty-one feet below the surface, which can be set up in a cart for terrestrial survey or within a kayak for freshwater environments to observe the underwater subsurface. We have both 2D and 3D programming which we can process results in the office or the field on location. We specialize in identifying sediments, buried materials, utilities, geologic or archaeological features.
Luther Burbank Underwater Site Survey, Mercer Island, WA (2024)
ATCRC was contracted by the property owner to perform a cultural resource assessment for the installation of a new dock. The project used private funds with permitting from Pierce County and is subject to the State Environmental Protection Act (SEPA). Pierce County Planning and Building Division informed the property owner that during the SEPA permitting process the Puyallup Tribe of Indians (PTOI) Historic Preservation Office requested an in-water cultural resource survey before permitting due to very high probability for precontact cultural resources to be present on the property. ATCRC performed a Field investigation included pedestrian survey, ground penetrating radar (GPR) and, following the request of the PTOI, underwater survey. No cultural resources were identified as a result of our assessment. ATCRC recommends that the project proceed as planned. If the restoration design changes or additional ground-disturbing work is required for the project, consultation should be re-initiated to determine if additional study is warranted. ATCRC also recommends that an Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP) be adopted in the event that cultural resources are inadvertently discovered during site development.
Brinkhause Dock Project, Pierce County, WA (2023)
Aqua Terra Cultural Resource Consultants (ATCRC) contracted with the property owner to provide a cultural resource assessment, which consisted of a background review, pedestrian survey, ground penetrating radar (GPR), and production of a report. The project intends to install a new dock on the property. The project used private funds with permitting from Pierce County and is subject to the State Environmental Protection Act (SEPA). Pierce County Planning and Building Division informed the property owner that during the SEPA permitting process, the Puyallup Tribe of Indians (PTOI) Historic Preservation Office requested an in-water cultural resource survey before permitting due to a very high probability for precontact cultural resources to be present on the property. No cultural resources were identified as a result of our assessment. ATCRC recommends that the project proceed as planned.
Littlerock Road Development Project, Thurston County, WA (2022)
The project intends to construct three retail/commercial structures with associated parking and utility infrastructure and an apartment complex. The site was within a high-probability area for cultural resources and the possibility for unmarked burials outside a nearby cemetery the Washington State Department of Archelogy and Historic Preservation (DAHP) requested the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). ATCRC performed a cultural resources assessment with Ground Penetrating Radar, background review, field investigations, and preparation of a report. In accordance with the State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA). ATCRC prepared a Historic Property Inventory (HPI) form for the historic age structures and updated the existing archaeological site inventory form for the nearby cemetery.
Union Pioneer Calvary Cemetery Project, Tumwater, Thurston County, WA (2021-2023)
ATCRC was contracted by the city of Tumwater to perform a cultural resource assessment in a very high-probability area for a project to install a new perimeter fence, improve frontage landscape, and relocation interpretive sign in the Union-Calvary Pioneer Cemetery. The project will be completed using funds from a Grant from the Washington State Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation. Therefore, the grants are drawn from state capital improvement funds, the Project must comply with Governor’s Executive Order 21-02 (EO 21-02). Compliance with the Revised Code of Washington (RCW) 27.44 (Indian Graves and Records) and RCW 27.53 (Archaeological Site and Resources) is also required. ATCRC conducted a background review, field investigation with Ground Penetrating Radar Survey, and preparation of a report. ATCRC recommends that the project has an archaeological monitor during ground disturbing activities adopt an inadvertent discovery plan (IDP) as part of the construction plan documents in case cultural resources are identified during ground-disturbing activities.
Cultural Resource Assessments Outside of Washington
Hood River-White Salmon Bridge Replacement Project, Hood River County, OR (2023)
ATCRC has contracted with the Port of Hood River to conduct a background review, cultural resources assessment, and discipline-specific report in support of the Hood River. This undertaking is subject to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) of 1966, as amended, and the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) is the delegated lead authority for Section 106 compliance. ATCRC is assisting the client with compliance with cultural resource requirements for both the Washington and Oregon State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) offices, the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT), and ODOT cultural resource review and compliance guidelines, as well as assisting with the technical cultural resource consultation with nine affiliated tribes. ATCRC created a monitoring plan and monitored the relevant ground disturbance for the duration of the project.
Ocean Gold Seafood Dock Reconstruction and Removal Project Coos County, OR (2020)
ATCRC assisted Ocean Gold with compliance with these various state and federal legal requirements by identifying the presence of cultural resources above and below the high-water mark within the Area of Potential Effect (APE). ATCRC’s background review consisted of researching available historical documents, maps, and ethnographic information as well as cultural resources studies and sites previously recorded within and near the APE. The field investigation included visual reconnaissance, pedestrian survey, as well as description, archaeological analysis, and wet screening of vibracore and sonicore samples. ATCRC recommended a finding of no adverse effect on historic properties, and no further work is recommended and provided an Inadvertent Discovery Plan (IDP) in case of archaeological resources or human remains that may be discovered during site development.
PDX4-S Option 2 Environmental Due Diligence Project, Marrow County, OR (2013)
ATCRC provided archaeological assessment services for the 30-acre development project for a private company and performed a background investigation, conducted a pedestrian survey, and shovel test probes throughout the project APE. The cultural resource assessment for this project was completed in compliance with Section 106 (Code of Federal Regulations [C.F.R.] Title 36 Part 800) of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), as amended, although no federal funds or permits are applicable to the proposed project. No further work is recommended for the project.
Mitigation Projects
Mitigation is required when it is not possible to avoid or minimize adverse effects, and all documentation products will be provided and retained by The Washington State Department of Archeology and Historic Preservation (DAHP). The mitigation must be executed before work/demolition of the resources begins. The mitigation agreement between DAHP, lead agency, tribes, and all consulting or concurring parties should come to an agreement on the type of mitigation that will be outlined within the Memorandum of Agreement (MOA). Every mitigation measure can differ widely depending on the parameters of the specific project, such as the value, cost, scale, and cultural resource survey findings.
Cramer Rd Bridge Replacement Project, Pierce County, WA (2020-Current)
Aqua Terra Cultural Resource Consultants has been contracted by the Pierce County Planning and Public Works to provide a cultural resources assessment for a project that proposes to replace the existing 60-foot-long, concrete bridge built in 1954 at Cramer Road NW in unincorporated Pierce County. The project is supported, in part, by federal monies and, as such, is subject to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) of 1966, as amended. Section 106 requires that federal agencies having direct or indirect jurisdiction over a proposed project must consider the effect of that undertaking on National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) eligible historic properties. ATCRC performed a cultural resource survey prior to construction activities within the APE. ATCRC’s cultural resource assessment consisted of a background review, pedestrian and subsurface survey, documentation of one Historic Property Inventory (HPI), and production of a report. ATCRC recommends Cultural Resource Monitoring and an Adverse Effect determination for the project and that the consulting parties proceed with the preparation of a Memorandum of Agreement or Programmatic Agreement to resolve or mitigate the adverse effect. A memorandum of Agreement was made with the Federal Highway Administration, The Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, The Washington State Department of Transportation, The Nisqually Tribe, and the Puyallup Tribe.
West Bay Yards, Thruston County, WA (2022-Current)
ATCRC was contracted by a private LLC to provide a cultural resource assessment for the construction of a mixed-use space and seawall. ATCRC conducted a background review and field investigation in compliance with the State Environmental Protection Act (SEPA). ATCRC recommends that cultural resource monitoring occurs during any and all ground-disturbing activities within the project area and that a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) or Programmatic Agreement be prepared prior to the commencement of construction.
Hoffman Hill Tract-O Development Project, Pierce County, WA (2018)
A private developer contracted TCRC for Cultural Resource monitoring for a 3.6-acre multi-family residential space construction as agreed in the Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) with The City of DuPont (City), the Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation (DAHP), the Nisqually Indian Tribe (Nisqually), and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). Monitoring was conducted to identify any significant archaeological, cultural, or historic sites that might be encountered during construction. Monitoring was completed over the course of 10 days. ATCRC conducted monitoring across the API during excavation activities, constructing a percolation pond suitable for stormwater runoff. If additional ground-disturbing work is required beyond the current defined API, consultation should be re-initiated to determine if additional cultural resource monitoring or study is warranted.
Portage Bay Park Development, King County, WA (2015)
Seattle Department of Parks and Recreation contracted a private company to assist in the development of an open waterfront park with opportunities for water/shoreline recreation meeting ADA requirements and providing recreational experiences for all ages and abilities. This development will require remediation of site contamination, building demolition, and partial reuse of building elements along with shoreline enhancement. Aqua Terra Cultural Resource Consultants (ATCRC) performed the Cultural Resource Assessment to comply with section 106 of NHPA by identifying the presence of historic resources within the Area of Potential Impact (APE) through the completion of a cultural resource survey, resource forms, an inadvertent discovery plan, and a CRA report. This project went to mitigation and had a memorandum of agreement with the City of Seattle, the University of Washington, The Washington State Recreation and Conservation Office, The National Park Service, and The Washington State Historic Preservation Officer.
On-Call Projects
Aqua Terra Cultural Resource Consulting provides on-call services for cultural resources services for project compliance with SEPA, GEO 21-01, and Section 106 to ensure proper reaction in the case of Inadvertent Discovery. ATCRC has provided on-call services to a wide variety of past projects. ATCRC is currently on an on-call staff with several entities such as the city of Tumwater, Port of Tacoma, Lewis County, City of Olympia, Clallam County, and Pierce County Public Works and Utilities.
And many others!